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Mark Catesby (1682-1749)

The Green Lizard of Carolina and the Sweet Gum Tree c. 1722-6

Watercolour and gouache, over pen and brown ink and graphite | 38.2 x 27.0 cm (sheet of paper) | RCIN 926016

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  • A watercolour of a green anole (Anolis carolinensis (Voigt)) on sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.). The drawing shows a small, green lizard in an acrobatic pose, seen from below, with its head in profile to the left. There are two studies of the plant in which it moves which has green leaves with five points and clusters of red berries and green seed balls.

    Mark Catesby was born in Suffolk and was interested in natural history from an early age. In 1712, he travelled to the east coast of America with his sister Elizabeth, who had married a doctor who practised in Williamsburg, Virginia. Catesby spent seven years in Virginia collecting specimens and seeds for London buyers before returning to Britain. In London his drawings of birds and plants met with praise and a group of benefactors paid for his travel to Carolina in 1722. There, he made numerous drawings of the flora and fauna, working hard to ensure that his depictions were as helpful for an understanding of their subjects as possible. On his return to Britain, his drawings were reproduced in The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, which appeared in a series of volumes between 1729 and 1747. The first volume was dedicated to Queen Caroline, the second to Augusta, Princess of Wales. The original drawings from the volumes, which had been in the possession of Catesby’s widow until her death, were purchased by George III from the London bookseller Thomas Cadell in 1768.
    The watercolour was used as the basis for plate 65 in the second volume of the Natural History ('The Green Lizard of Carolina' and 'The Sweet Gum-Tree''). The male anole lizard has a scarlet throat pouch which it can flick forwards as a territorial display, as Catesby shows. Its colouring is perfect camouflage against the foliage and red flower-heads of the sweet gum.

    For identification of the species depicted see James L. Reveal, 'Identification of the plants and animals illustrated by Mark Catesby for his Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands' in Phytoneuron 2013 and revised online version.
    Provenance

    Thomas Cadell; from whom bought by George III, 1768

  • Medium and techniques

    Watercolour and gouache, over pen and brown ink and graphite

    Measurements

    38.2 x 27.0 cm (sheet of paper)

  • Other number(s)

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