Bartholomaeus Spranger was born in Antwerp and trained there with the landscape painters Jan Mandyn, Frans Mostaert and Cornelius van Dalem. From 1565, he travelled throughout Europe. He was first in Paris and then, in 1566, in Parma where he worked on the dome frescoes in S. Maria della Steccata. From 1567, he worked in Rome for his patron Cardinal Alessandro Farnese and in 1570, was named painter to Pope Pius V. In 1575, Spranger was called to the court of Emperor Maximilian II in Vienna and six years later he moved to Prague to work for Rudolf II. His career went from strength to strength – in 1584, Spranger was appointed painter to the court, in 1588, he was given a coat of arms and in the 1590s was elevated to the peerage. Spranger's influence spread throughout northern Europe through prints by his friend the engraver, Hendrik Goltzius.

This miniature is one of the collection of copies of 224 self-portraits by artists in the Uffizi Palace, Florence, that Lord Cowper, the art collector and patron, commissioned Giuseppe Macpherson (1726-1780) to paint. He presented the miniatures to King George III in two batches, in 1773 and 1786. Macpherson followed the original self-portraits quite closely, but copied only the head and shoulders. He inscribed the artists' names on the backs of the miniatures – several differ from those in the modern Uffizi catalogue, notably: Bazzi, Bellini, Campi, Annibale Carracci, Gabbiani, Masaccio, Metsys, Moroni, Pencz, Licinio, Schiavone and Spada. None of the miniatures is signed, apart from Macpherson's own self-portrait, which is inscribed: Giuseppe Macpherson / Autore della serie (Giuseppe Macpherson / Author of the series).Macpherson was born in Florence, the son of Donald Macpherson, a footman in the service of Alexander, 2nd Duke of Gordon. He was a pupil of Pompeo Batoni and painted miniatures and enamel portraits in Italy, France and Germany, finally settling in Florence. A James Macpherson is recorded in London and Paris in 1754 but it is not certain that this is the same person. He was described in 1776 as having a special talent for painting on enamel and as being 'almost the only painter in Europe who possesses this art to perfection'. He had a distinguished client list which included some of the crowned heads and dignitaries of Europe. In 1778, he was invited to add his own self-portrait to the famous painters in the grand duke's collection as it 'would do honour to Florence to enrich the collection with a work which shows that we still have some men of true merit' according to Giuseppe Pelli, director of the Uffizi at the time.