Georg Pencz was a German painter and engraver of religious and mythological subjects and portraits. It is thought that he studied first with Albrecht Dürer in Nuremberg. In 1525, he was expelled from the city, along with the brothers Sebald and Barthel Beham, two other 'godless artists', for disseminating radical reformist views concerning religion and government which opposed those promulgated by Luther. He was allowed to return later the same year, however. In 1529, Pencz married Margaretha, daughter of the artist Michel Graf. He probably visited Italy in the 1520s and again about 1540 as the influence of Italian painting on his work is evident. In 1532, Pencz was granted an annual sum by the Council of Bürgermeisters. In 1550, he was appointed painter to Duke Albrecht of Prussia but died on his way to take up the position. His prints are tiny, and Pencz belonged to the group called the 'Nuremberg Little Masters'. The Royal Collection contains two paintings and two engravings by Pencz. This miniature is one of the collection of copies of 224 self-portraits by artists in the Uffizi Palace, Florence, that Lord Cowper, the art collector and patron, commissioned Giuseppe Macpherson (1726-1780) to paint. He presented the miniatures to King George III in two batches, in 1773 and 1786. Macpherson followed the original self-portraits quite closely, but copied only the head and shoulders. He inscribed the artists' names on the backs of the miniatures – several differ from those in the modern Uffizi catalogue, notably: Bazzi, Bellini, Campi, Annibale Carracci, Gabbiani, Masaccio, Metsys, Moroni, Pencz, Licinio, Schiavone and Spada. None of the miniatures is signed, apart from Macpherson's own self-portrait, which is inscribed: Giuseppe Macpherson / Autore della serie (Giuseppe Macpherson / Author of the series).Macpherson was born in Florence, the son of Donald Macpherson, a footman in the service of Alexander, 2nd Duke of Gordon. He was a pupil of Pompeo Batoni and painted miniatures and enamel portraits in Italy, France and Germany, finally settling in Florence. A James Macpherson is recorded in London and Paris in 1754 but it is not certain that this is the same person. He was described in 1776 as having a special talent for painting on enamel and as being 'almost the only painter in Europe who possesses this art to perfection'. He had a distinguished client list which included some of the crowned heads and dignitaries of Europe. In 1778, he was invited to add his own self-portrait to the famous painters in the grand duke's collection as it 'would do honour to Florence to enrich the collection with a work which shows that we still have some men of true merit' according to Giuseppe Pelli, director of the Uffizi at the time.