The Attack on Shipping in Bugia, 8 May 1671 (II) Signed and dated 1675
Oil on canvas | 129.6 x 183.2 cm (support, canvas/panel/stretcher external) | RCIN 405214
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Upon the Restoration in 1660 Charles II appointed his brother, James (Duke of York and later James II), to the position of Lord High Admiral, in which capacity he commanded the Royal Navy during the Second (1665-7) and Third (1672-4) Anglo-Dutch Wars (the First (1652-4) took place in Cromwell’s time). In 1675 he commissioned from the recently-arrived Dutch artists (Van de Veldes, father and son) a set of large canvases depicting episodes in these two conflicts and the ongoing struggle against the Barbary Corsairs. Previous commissions of this type had been for tapestries, like the famous Armada set hanging at this date in the House of Lords. This is one of several of the paintings in this series which have the character of tapestries, with high view points and a crowding of incidents (as opposed to the sea-level, atmospheric view of their other oil paintings).
The Barbary Corsairs or Pirates operated out of the principal Mediterranean ports of North Africa - Tripoli, Tunis and Algiers - terrorising all shipping in the region and mounting raids against coastal settlement throughout Europe in search of slaves. During their wars against Spain (1568-1648) the Dutch used Barbary bases against Spanish shipping and shared technology with their hosts. Other European sea-powers similarly connived with the pirates when campaigning against each other. Thus encouraged, the menace reached its peak about the mid-point of the seventeenth century. Under Charles II the Royal Navy mounted a systematic campaign against the corsairs, enforcing treaties on each major port in turn. The threat was not however entirely eliminated until 1830.
Sir Edward Spragge, commander in chief of the Mediterranean, attacked a group of Barbary ships in the harbour of Bugia (present day Bejaia in Algeria) on 8 May 1671. This is the second of three paintings depicting this episode (CW 222-4, 405972, 405214-5). The Corsairs had set up a beam across the harbour mouth; in this scene the English fire-ship has broken through the beam and it just setting fire to the enemy. To the left are three European ships which have been previously captured by the Corsairs. The English fireship - the Little Victory - has just reached the middle one of the Barbary ships, moored alongside each other. In foreground centre two small rowing boats with the fireship's crew are seen making for land. A fort flying the Dutch flag is visible at the extreme right.
Inscribed lower right: 'WV. de Velde 1675'Provenance
Commissioned by James II when Duke of York
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Creator(s)
(nationality)Acquirer(s)
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Medium and techniques
Oil on canvas
Measurements
129.6 x 183.2 cm (support, canvas/panel/stretcher external)
147.0 x 200.2 x 6.0 cm (frame, external)
Category
Object type(s)
Other number(s)
Alternative title(s)
Sea-fight in a harbour, previously entitled