Simon Vouet (1590-1649) was one of the leading French painters in the seventeenth century. According to André Félibien, his contemporary and a writer on art, Vouet trained with his father who was a sign painter and by the time he was 14 years old was working as a portraitist in England. He visited Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1611-12 and went on to Italy where he lived from 1613-27. He spent most of this time in Rome undertaking commissions from aristocratic and ecclesiastical patrons, and became president of the Accademia di S. Luca (the artists' academy) in 1624. In 1627, Vouet was summoned to Paris by Louis XIII to become court painter. He painted religious and allegorical works as well as portraits and worked on a number of prestigious decorative schemes. A contemporary wrote of him, 'In his time the art of painting began to be practised here in a nobler and more beautiful way than ever before'.

This miniature is one of the collection of copies of 224 self-portraits by artists in the Uffizi Palace, Florence, that Lord Cowper, the art collector and patron, commissioned Giuseppe Macpherson (1726-1780) to paint. He presented the miniatures to King George III in two batches, in 1773 and 1786. Macpherson followed the original self-portraits quite closely, but copied only the head and shoulders. He inscribed the artists' names on the backs of the miniatures – several differ from those in the modern Uffizi catalogue, notably: Bazzi, Bellini, Campi, Annibale Carracci, Gabbiani, Masaccio, Metsys, Moroni, Pencz, Licinio, Schiavone and Spada. None of the miniatures is signed, apart from Macpherson's own self-portrait, which is inscribed: Giuseppe Macpherson / Autore della serie (Giuseppe Macpherson / Author of the series).Macpherson was born in Florence, the son of Donald Macpherson, a footman in the service of Alexander, 2nd Duke of Gordon. He was a pupil of Pompeo Batoni and painted miniatures and enamel portraits in Italy, France and Germany, finally settling in Florence. A James Macpherson is recorded in London and Paris in 1754 but it is not certain that this is the same person. He was described in 1776 as having a special talent for painting on enamel and as being 'almost the only painter in Europe who possesses this art to perfection'. He had a distinguished client list which included some of the crowned heads and dignitaries of Europe. In 1778, he was invited to add his own self-portrait to the famous painters in the grand duke's collection as it 'would do honour to Florence to enrich the collection with a work which shows that we still have some men of true merit' according to Giuseppe Pelli, director of the Uffizi at the time.