Sword late eighteenth to late nineteenth century
Steel and gold | 87.0 x 12.2 x 7.5 cm (whole object) | RCIN 11238
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A sword or talwar forged entirely of watered crucible steel. The blade had a very fine dark watered pattern and is inlaid with gold with a dedication in Persian to the Prince of Wales from Maharaja Mangal Singh of Alwar and the name of the bladesmith, Muhammad Ibrahim. The hilt forged with a knuckleguard in the form of a lion's head is blued and overlaid with gold inscriptions in Persian and poppies and butterflies. The inscriptions on the hilt refer to a previous Maharaja of Alwar, Bakhtawar Singh (1779-1815) and to 'Zulfiqar', the legendary sword that the Prophet Muhammed presented to his son-in-law, Ali ibn Ali Talib. The inscriptions suggest that the hilt predates the blade.
This sword is an exceptional example of watered crucible steel. This type of steel is made by melting iron with carbon-rich vegetable material, such as leaves, in a crucible for a prolonged period and then cooled into ingots that would be worked to form blades or hilts. This process of making steel not only resulted in an exceptionally sharp and strong blade, but also created a fine rippling water-like pattern that was revealed by acid etching. This method of producing steel is thought to have originated in South India and spread to other parts of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia.
Provenance
Presented to King Edward VII, when Prince of Wales, during his tour of India in 1875-76 by Mangal Singh, Maharaja of Alwar. Nineteenth century sources have noted that craftsmen attached to the Alwar armoury had migrated to Alwar and were given villages rather than monetary recompense for their work.
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Creator(s)
(nationality)Acquirer(s)
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Medium and techniques
Steel and gold
Measurements
87.0 x 12.2 x 7.5 cm (whole object)
Alternative title(s)
Talwar